Utah Master Esthetician Practice Exam

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What is an atom considered when it is in a state of equilibrium?

Charged
Neutral
Ionic
Stable

The correct answer is: Neutral

An atom is considered neutral when it is in a state of equilibrium, meaning that it has an equal number of protons and electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, while electrons carry a negative charge. When these charges balance each other out, the atom exhibits no overall charge and is termed neutral. On the other hand, a charged atom—also known as an ion—occurs when there is an unequal number of protons and electrons, leading to either a positive or negative charge. An ionic state specifically refers to atoms that have gained or lost electrons. Though the term "stable" can also apply to certain atoms in equilibrium, it typically describes conditions where external influences do not disrupt the atom's configuration. However, "neutral" more accurately reflects the specific charge balance required to define equilibrium at the atomic level.